Enhancing quality of life in the population at large

The purpose of this review was to identify and discuss emerging issues in the literature on quality of life in the population at large. Interest in the topic has developed from a desire to compare cultural units, to develop normative data, and to establish programs to enhance quality of life. An attempt is made to impose some empirical and theoretical order on the numerous definitions and measures of quality of life, that have been used with the population at large. A taxonomy is provided that outlines the relationship among measures of quality of life. Following this discussion, studies identifying those factors that may influence quality of life in the population at large are examined, and a model linking these factors is proposed. The model includes Personal/Dispositional Factors, Biosociophysical Environmental Factors, General and Domain Specific Skills, Affective Tone, Social Support and Cognitive Appraisal as they relate to Quality of Life. Potential Quality of Life enhancement programs are considered with respect to their orientation (Person, Environment) and their mode of delivery (One on one, Education, Legislation). Recommendations concerning measures that can be implemented to enhance quality of life in the population at large are made.