《补农书》所见经营地主的经营策略

明末清初《补农书》具有划时代的意义,是探究历史时期的具体的经营方式的重要史料,它反映了农业生产经营结构转变过程中经营地主经营方式转变的过程。经营地主在经济利润驱动下通过引进先进种植技术和品种,从事多种经营,对雇工使用方面必然呈多元性的特征;在经营方式的选择上,经营地主会以重佃佃出土地,雇工在掌握新生产技术后可能会主动提出重佃的要求;随着技术普及和劳工成本提高,重视对人工成本核算,人力管理则表现在对雇工严格管理监控和合理激励上,并形成一系列标准。

Operation Strategies of Landlords Reflected in Bulongshu

The book Bulongshu published in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty has epoch significance and is a valuable literature for the study of the operation patterns in history. It discloses the changing of operation patterns of landlords in the process of agricultural restructuring. Driven by economic benefits, the old landlords would introduce advanced planting techniques and fine varieties, and engaged in multi-pattern operation, thus showed pluralistic natures in terms of labor employment; on the choice of operation patterns, the landlords would make a higher rent for the land. After the acquisition of the new production technology, the renters would initiatively ask to re-rent the land on certain terms. With the popularization of the new technology and the increase of labor cost, the landlords would keep a close watch on labor cost calculation. The labor force management would be strictly based on the labor supervision and rational stimulation, and thus established a series of standards.