优化生育政策促进人口长期均衡发展的战略重点

“三孩政策”标志着生育政策的进一步优化,它为中国人口长期均衡发展提供了政策保障,在对新中国成立以来两次生育政策转型和优化分析的基础上,从人口长期均衡发展战略、人口问题的再认识、生育意愿和生育行为改变的视角分析中国生育政策优化的基础和内在动力。研究认为,优化生育政策不仅提升了人口出生率,缓解人口老龄化,减轻社会保障制度压力,而且将生育权回归家庭,是对家庭福利和人的全面发展的体现; 为此,在充分发挥“三孩”新人口政策作用的同时,还要有相应的配套措施,将构建共享型社会保障制度、保障女性的生育权和劳动就业权、增加人力资本投资等一体考虑,有助于新的优化生育政策的有效实施。

Strategic focus of optimizing childbearing policy to promote long-term balanced development of population

The "three-child policy" marks the further optimization of the childbearing policy and provides guarantee for the long-term balanced development of China's population. Based on the analysis of the transformation and optimization of China's two childbearing policies in history, this paper analyzes the basis and internal dynamics of the optimization of China's childbearing policy from the perspective of long-term balanced population development strategy, population re-recognition, childbearing desire and childbearing behavior changes. The research points out that the optimization of the childbearing policy not only improves the birth rate of the population, alleviates the aging of the population, reduces the pressure of the social security system, but also returns the reproductive right to the family, which is the embodiment of the reverence for life and the all-round development of human beings. Therefore, while giving full play to the role of the new "three-child policy", corresponding supporting measures should be taken to build a shared social security system, protect women's reproductive rights and employment rights, and increase human capital investment, which will help optimize the effective implementation of the childbearing policy.