试论还原论与整体论的互补与共存

从 17世纪到 2 0世纪晚期 ,在伽利略、培根、笛卡尔和牛顿等所创建理论的基础上 ,出现了一种以机械论、决定论和还原主义为特征的现代科学范式。这种科学范式的局限性日趋明显 ,在 2 0世纪受到一大批科学家和哲学家的批判和质疑。与此同时 ,一种以有机论、非决定论、混沌、复杂性和熵等理论原则为基础的后现代科学范式日渐成型。现代科学和后现代科学分别体现的是还原论和整体论的思维方式。由于二者都具有自身难以克服的局限性 ,所以应使二者之间保持必要的张力

Preliminary Discussion on Mutual Compensation and Coexistence of Revivification and Integer Theories

From the seventeenth century to the late twentieth century, there emerged a modern science paradigm, which was based on the doctrines established by such scientists as Galileo, Bacon, Descartes and Newton, with mechanism, determinism and reductionism as its characteristics. The modern science paradigm had so obvious limitations that it was criticized and questioned by many scientists and philosophers in the twentieth century. In the meantime, a postmodern science paradigm, based on organism, indeterminacy, chaos, complexity and entropy, began to take form. Modern science and postmodern science respectively embody two different modes of thinking, that is, reductionism and holism. Since the two modes of thinking have their own insuperable limitations, a tension should be kept between them.