日俄战争与东亚国际体系的重构

在东亚国际体系由传统的宗藩朝贡体系向近代殖民条约体系的转型过程中,如果说甲午战争发挥了彻底解构传统的宗藩朝贡体系作用,那么日俄战争则起到了最终完成重构东亚殖民条约体系过程的作用。甲午战争后,大清王朝进一步积贫积弱,帝国主义列强趁机掀起了瓜分清帝国遗产的狂潮,把更多的丧权辱国的条约强加于清政府。在争夺在华权益和东亚主导权的过程中俄国成为日本和英国的主要竞争对手。为了确保在华利益和东亚主导权,英美等欧美列强支持日本对俄开战。在日俄战争中,日本击败强敌沙俄,两国签订了《朴茨茅斯条约》,日俄两国在东北亚地区正式划分了势力范围。至此,在东亚地区正式形成了以欧美各国、日本、沙俄为中心,以近代条约规范各国关系的东亚殖民条约体系。

Russo-Japanese War and Reconstruction of East Asia International System

In the process of transition from the traditional vassal tributary system to the modern colonial treaties in the international system in East Asia,the Sino-Japanese War played the role of deconstruction of the traditional vassal tributary system and the Russo-Japanese War was the ultimate reconstruction of a new East Asian International colonial treaties.After the Sino-Japanese War,the Qing dynasty got further impoverished and weak,and the imperialist took the opportunity to set off a wave of heritage and i...