浅析王栋的理欲观

王栋从关注民生的角度阐述了人欲的合理性,竭力反对"去人欲"的观点,提出了人欲不能无的主张。他认为"人欲不能无",理学家提出"察私防欲"的主张是由于对"慎独"的错误理解造成的。同时,王栋还指出人的物质需求是不能遏制的,只是要注意"节约"罢了。孔子的"克己"、孟子的"寡欲"的核心乃实指"节欲"之意。不过,王栋所说的"人欲不能无"中的"人欲"也并非指一切人欲,而是指满足人生存和发展需要的合理的人欲。事实上王栋是反对"恶欲"的。他要人们时刻保持良好的心态,少忧戚,多坦荡。努力做到"淡而不厌"。

Wang Dong's View of Reason and Desire

From a perspective of caring about people's livelihood,Wang Dong discussed the rationality of people's desires and unswervingly opposed the idea of "eliminating desires".He argued that human desires could be removed,and Confucianists' opinion of "oversighting selfishness and preventing desires" was derived from the mistaken understanding of "integrity maintenance without supervision".Meanwhile,he proposed that people's material desires could not be controlled,yet should be "economized".Both Confucius' "self-restraining" and Mencius' "few desires" essentially focused on "controlling the desires".Wang Dong thought that rational desires which were necessary for people's life and development should be remained,and what should be removed was the "evil desires".He suggested that people should hold a good psychology,not worry,to be magnanimous and strive to be quiet but not avaricious.