社会养老保险制度风险表征及其化解策略

制度设计的主观动机与现实运行的客观效果不能达成一致,进而出现功能偏差并导致种种不确定的意外后果即会形成制度风险。我国的现代化进程正经历社会结构转型、经济体制转型及全球化的剧烈变迁,当三重境遇形成合力作用于尚未彻底定型的社会养老保险制度时,制度在实际运行中会表现出三种难以与社会环境变化相适应的制度风险:流动性障碍风险、公平性缺失风险、财务不可持续性风险。因此,必须树立正确风险观,积极应对制度风险,倡导"积极福利"、"多元治理"的社会养老保险体系建设理念。

Characterization of the Risk of Social Endowment Insurance System and Its Countermeasures

The subjective motivation of system design and objective effects of practical operation cannot reach an agreement, and then functional deviation comes out. It also leads to various kinds of uncertain unexpected consequences that form risk of institution. Modernization process is going through the great changes of the transformation of social structure, economic system transition and globalization. When these three forces form resultant one which have effect on the social endowment insurance system has not been thoroughly finalized in design, the system shows three kinds of institutional risks in the actual operation that is hard to adapt to social environmental changes： liquidity barrier risk, lack of equality risk and financial unsustainable risk. Therefore, we must set up the right value of risk, and deal actively with institution risk; meanwhile, advocate ＂positive welfare＂and ＂multiple governance＂ system construction concept of social endowment insurance to cope with the social risks.