明清徽州林木盗砍事件的社会经济与文化考察

现有关于徽州林木的研究大多注意到徽州山林经营、林木保护及地方社会应对等问题,但难见对明清徽州林木盗砍现象及原因的系统考察,对文书资料利用也很少。系统梳理了契约文书资料后,揭示了徽州文书对林木盗砍现象及原因研究的独特价值。资料显示,在明清徽州的农村社会,林木盗砍对农家经济、生态环境有深远影响,其原因值得深思。明清徽州林木盗砍既有人口激增的背景,也与人口流动趋于频繁有关,并且,在明清时期徽州逐利民俗的大背景下,徽州人的贪图小利以及棍徒横行等因素也加重了徽州林木盗砍现象。这些问题在以往研究中并未得到关注。

A Social,Economic and Cultural Review on the Pilferage and Illegal Felling of Forest Trees in Huizhou during Ming and Qing Dynasties

In recent years large numbers of studies involving Huizhou＇s forest have been conducted both at home and abroad,most of which focus on forest management,forest protection,and measures taken by the local government. However,very few researches deal with the phenomenon and reasons of the pilferage and illegal felling of trees in Huizhou. Huizhou is selected as the research object due to several reasons. It is a typical region where there are many mountains but few lands,thus there exist obvious conflicts between people and land. Besides,this place is favorably endowed with abundant historical resources. This paper systematically analyzes the phenomenon and reasons of the pilferage and illegal felling of trees in Huizhou during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and points out that this phenomenon is related not only to the background of the sharp increase of population,but also to the more frequent population mobility. What＇s more,under the macroscopic background of Huizhou＇s folk custom to pursue profits in Ming and Qing period,Huizhou people＇s greed for small gains,the infestation of villains,and other factors also aggravated this phenomenon. In the end,it is suggested that these historical lessons can be efficiently utilized in modern forest resources management.