土改结束后的乡村社会变动——兼论从土地改革到集体化的转化机制

中国乡村社会在土改结束后出现了新的变动.阶级同化和阶级分化的趋势同时并存,新中农和新富农成为重要力量;土地买卖、雇工、租佃、借贷等"自发资本主义倾向"和以富为荣的价值观重新抬头;基层政治精英开始出现抗衡国家意志和去政治化的离心倾向.从土地改革走向集体化,存在着阶段论、条件论、替代论三种相互关联的转化机制,土改后的乡村社会变动为这种转化提供了动力和合法性.

Change of Rural Society after Farming Land Reform

China's rural society had the new changes after the farming land reform. Class assimilation and class differentiation trends co-existed, newly shaped middle peasants and new rich peasants emerged as an important force. A spontaneous capitalist tendency, marked by land transactions, employment of workers, tenancy and money borrowing as well as a set of values which highly honor wealth reappeared. Meanwhile, the grassroots political elite began to resist the will of the state and revealed a centrifugal tenden...