论蒙元时代"乐府文学"的流衍及元人"乐府文学"观的建构

金亡至南宋灭亡(1234-1279)前的蒙元时代,就词曲嬗递过程的文学生态而言,“乐府文学”流衍的含义系指存在着一个“亦词亦曲”的阶段;其次则指在曲体体式形成、确立后,仍复有一个词曲并行而同被目为“乐府文学”的时期。词曲的合流为“乐府”而并行是一个自然的过程,而又因其所属音乐体系并非同一个,这种“并行”、“合流”也必然是阶段性的。元人广义的“乐府”观中是包含着那部分在蒙元特定时期仍然可歌的词体文学的,元人明确区分词曲的自觉意识乃萌生、形成于元代中后期。元人“乐府文学”观的建构的一个基本导向就是严雅俗之辨及其下的尊体意识,元人“乐府观”中的尊体意识最终结出的是“大元乐府”与唐诗、宋词有同等文学史地位的“鼎足论”。

On the Spreading of the Yue Fu Literature and the Construction of the Conception of the Yue Fu Literature

In the period between the fall of Jin Dynasty and the failure of the Nansong Dynasty(1234-1279) within the Mongolian-Yuan Era,the development of the "Yue Fu Literature" included a "both Ci and Qu" stage. On the other hand,it also meant that there would still be an era regarded as the coexisting of Ci and Qu and which were both recognized as the "Yue Fu Literature" after the forming and establishing of the regularities of the styles of Qu.It was very reasonable that Ci and Qu collaborated into Yue Fu and spread simultaneously.Furthermore,because Ci and Qu belonged to different music systems, the coexisting of collaboration would definitely be periodical.Within the conception of the Yue Fu Literature in the broad sense of the critics in the Yuan Dynasty,the literature of Ci's style which was able to be in the form of singing in the specific period during the Mongolian-Yuan Era did exist;while the conscious acknowledgement was born and formed in the middle and latter period of Yuan Dynasty.In the construction of the conception of the Yue Fu Literature of the people of Yuan a basic thing was to distinguish the elegant and the popular literature and the awareness of venerable Style,which developed the view of tripartite equalization of the Yue Fu of the Great Yuan together with the Poems of Tang and the Ci of Song in the literature history.