儿童分类能力发展研究综述

分类研究在曲折中走过了近一百年的历史,回首研究进程,首先研究的中心是儿童分类能力的发展水平,其中关于色形抽象的年龄特征的研究结果存在着相互矛盾的事实.为解决矛盾,研究的视角一方面转至影响分类结果的因素,另一方面又把类标准从某个具体属性拓展到整体还是部分、单一维度还是多个维度,但在年龄特征的研究结果中矛盾再现.在这个进程中,分类用的材料不断更新,描述分类结果的指标越来越全面,刺激材料的呈现方式越来越多样化,对分类结果与原因的解释(分类理论)越来越深刻.

A Review of the Studies on the Development of Child Classification Ability

The classification studies have a history of about 100 years. The developmental study of color and form abstraction in children and the development levels of category concept constituted the first center of research, where contradictory results were obtained of aging character on color and form abstraction in children. To solve the problem, researchers turned to investigate the factors that could influence the outcome of classification on the one hand; on the other hand, they extended the classification standard from a specific character to the dimension of part or whole, single-dimension or multi-dimension. However, the same contradiction arose. In this process, materials for classification were constantly renewed, index for describing classification results more and more comprehensive, and the presentation of stimuli more and more diversified, so that the reasons for and explanations of classification results became more reasonable.