论经济增长过程中的要素约束与发展对外贸易

经济增长过程中面临多种要素约束,最根本的约束要素是人力资源。经济发展阶段不同,不同要素制约经济增长的重要性也不同。农业经济时期土地是制约经济增长的首要因素,工业经济时期资本是制约经济增长的首要因素,服务经济时期通常意义上的劳动是制约经济增长的首要因素,知识经济时期人力资本是最重要的制约因素。经济的持续发展过程就是不断突破该阶段首要要素制约的过程。在推动经济增长的过程中,对外贸易至关重要。发展对外贸易除了可以获取本国的短缺要素,更重要的是可以获取有利于本国经济不断向高级阶段发展的市场范围支持。

The Relationship between Foreign Trade and the Limited-Factors in Economic Growth

Different phase of economic growth has different special limited-factors. Human resource is the most important one. Land, capital, labor and human resource play significant roles respectively in agricultural economy, industrial economy, service economy and knowledge-based economy. The limited-factors should be overcome to ensure a sustainable economic growth. Developing foreign trade is very helpful for economic growth, as it provides not only the scarce-factors but also the market that is necessary for scarce-factors reproduction.