日本突发事件危机管理探析

突发事件与危机管理是现代政府尤其重视的内容。日本缘于多发的自然灾害,建立了较完备的危机管理机制。在危机管控组织方面,由内阁官房负责的危机管理机构在减灾防灾中实现了预防第一、落实有力、多方联动的管制应对效果;制度建设上,在经历三次重大自然灾害为主的危机中逐步完善法律体系,形成了以《灾害对策基本法》为核心框架的50余部法律,为灾害应对、突发事件与危机管理提供制度上的保障;在技术上,通过明确信息流,强化地质气象及预警系统降低了危机风险;在危机解决力量上,消防组织、警察组织、自卫队及民众力量为减少危机与灾害提供有力保障。日本的危机管理在制度、组织、救援力量等多方面为各国提供了宝贵的经验。

An Analysis of Emergency Crisis Management in Japan

Emergency and crisis are the contents that modern government attaches great importance to.Due to the frequent natural disasters,Japan has established a relatively complete crisis management mechanism.In terms of crisis management and control organization,the crisis management organization in charge of cabinet office has achieved the control and response effect of prevention first,implementation powerful and multi-linkage in disaster reduction and prevention;in terms of system construction,after three major natural disasters and some other accidents after the war,the legal system has been improved step by step,forming more than 50 laws with the basic law of disaster response as the core framework law,for disaster response,emergencies and crisis management to do a systematic guarantee;in technology,through the clear flow of information,strengthen the geological and meteorological and early warning system to reduce the risk of crisis;in crisis resolution force,fire organizations,police organizations,self-defense forces and public forces to reduce the crisis and disaster to provide a strong guarantee.Japan's crisis management has provided valuable experience for countries in many aspects,such as system,organization and rescue force.