秦朝郡县关系考论

战国时期各国普遍以县作为基层行政机构,县在行政、经济、军事上有较强的自主权和相当大的独立性。秦统一后,在相对独立的前提下县为郡所统辖,而郡却不具备将所辖县的综合实力彻底纳入自己的统辖之下并取而代之的能力。究其原因,除县具有一定的经济、行政自主权并贮备有大量的武器、军备物资和战国以来形成的战斗传统外,在基层还存在着浓厚的农村公社遗存。秦朝郡对县的失控,也是国家对地方的失控,从而在起义军的冲击下导致其速亡。

Study on Prefectures and Counties' Relation of Qin Dynasty

During the Warring States period, the states universally established the counties as the basic level administrative machinery. The counties had more strong decision-making power and considerably high independent character. After Qin integrated China, although it took some measures to enhance the domination to the counties, the decision-making power and independent character of the counties (didn't) wholly disappeared, especially military ability to sufficient self-support was still existent, and it gravely influenced the domination to the lower level government administration of Qin Dynasty. 