中国稀土问题的经济史透视与演化经济学分析

本文以稀土资源为例,基于经济史和演化经济学的视角对我国自然资源出口及相关政策进行了深入反思。重要自然资源在发达国家的经济崛起过程中曾发挥了关键性作用,他们都采取了"进口原材料并出口制成品"的工业化战略。相反,出口初级资源不仅无法致富,甚至会导致国家的衰落。发达国家严格限制自然资源出口的目的,是为了将其投入到构成国家富裕之基础的附加值高和创新机会窗口大的高端产业环节中。跨越式发展的机会窗口来自于新的技术经济范式,在以解决资源和能源问题为核心的第六次技术革命中,丰富的稀有金属资源将为我国抓住新的机会窗口提供难得的机遇。但是,我国当前稀土等稀有金属资源的利用与发展模式存在严重的弊端,亟待做出重大战略调整,本文为此提出了相应的政策建议。

Rare-Earth Issues in China:A Perspective from Economic History and an Analysis of Evolutionary Economics

Based on the perspectives of economic history and evolutionary economics,this paper profoundly rethinks about the behavior of exporting natural resources,taking rare-earth for example,and about its concerning policies in China.Important natural resources used to be of great importance to the economic take-off in today’s developed countries,all of which adopted the industrialized strategy of "importing raw materials and exporting manufactured products".In contrast,exporting crude resources could not make a country wealthy,but instead,would lead it to national decline.The purpose of developed countries to restrict exports of natural resources is to put them into the high-level industries with more added values and larger opportunity windows for innovation,which are considered as the basis of prosperity of a country.The opportunity windows for striding development come from the new techno-economic mode.The abundant resources of rare metals in our country will provide us with a hard-to-get opportunity in the Sixth Technological Revolution which is centered on the solution to the issues concerning resources and energy supply.In this paper,we present our targeted suggestions to readjust the resource-based strategy of our country,considering the serious problems in our current modes of utilizing and developing rare-earth and other rare metals.