临终关怀制度构建:挑战与线路图

临终关怀对于减轻身心痛苦和死亡恐惧的显著作用已经得到国内外数十年研究成果的充分证明。据世界卫生组织及国内外专业期刊统计数据,中国临终关怀现状堪忧,中国社会老龄化及城市化加速发展使临终关怀事业遭遇日益严峻的挑战,体现于医疗资源分配不平等、法律法规缺位、职业培训不足和程序化措施不力。研究基于国内过去30年来临终护理经验教训的现实,以充分数据资料分析中国临终关怀体系建构在观念层面、财政保险资金层面、法律法规层面、教育培训层面和医护制度层面所面临的挑战,指出问题的核心是医护观念陈旧和政府投入严重不足,解决问题的关键在于临终关怀法律法规体系的构建,具体为临终关怀法规与医保管理的制度性优化、拓宽慈善资源和培育临终医护资源。

The Institutionalization of Palliative Care in China: Challenges and a Roadmap

While palliative care greatly reduces the physical as well as the spiritual pains as approved by research results in the past dozens of years, the aging of population and urbanization challenge the hospice community in China. As are indicated by WHO and other statistical sources, the status quo of hospice care causes great concern because of unfair distribution of medical resources, incomplete legislative work, lack of related professional training and of programmed palliative procedures. This study compares the past three decades of palliative development in China with lessons, reality and data analysis, analyzes the various aspects related to the concept, insurance fund, legislative work, education and medical care, found that obsolescence medical care and insufficient government investment are the root causes and proposes a roadmap of improvement. The study concludes that the incomplete legislative work proves to be the number one obstacle in blocking the fast palliative care development in China.