农村养老服务体系的整合与多元建构

通过对河南、江西等4省8村的实地调查,发现我国农村的家庭养老、社区养老、社会保险养老和机构养老等不同养老模式都面临着不同程度的发展困境,且各模式之间彼此独立甚至互相排斥。现阶段,我国农村养老服务体系呈现出明显的“断裂”特征,无法有效应对日益严峻的农村养老危机。研究认为,在结合不同地域的政治、经济、文化条件和老人个体化需求差异的基础上,推动家庭、社区、机构和社会养老保险等不同养老模式有机融合,取长补短,同时有效整合农村医疗资源,充分发挥农村老人的主体性、能动性和传承性,建构一个多主体、多层次、多阶段的综合型养老服务体系,是我国农村养老危机的主要出路。

Integration and Multi construction of Service System of Elderly Care in Rural China

Based on the empirical survey conducted in 8 villages in 4 provinces,we found that the entire elderly care service system in rural China--including the models of family support,community care,rural social pension insurance and institutional care--demonstrates an obvious fracture feature;all the models have respectively experienced plight in varying degrees and obvious fracture and even mutual exclusion can be found among different models.Therefore,it′s hard to effectively deal with the increasingly severe crisis of elderly care in rural China.The research argues that,on the basis of diverse political,economic and cultural conditions in different regions and individual needs,the main solution to this crisis is to construct a compound service system of elderly care with multi-agent,multi-layer and multi-stage,promoting the organic integration among different models,taking full advantage of the rural medical resources and encouraging the elderly to give full play to their subjectivity,initiative and continuity.