秦汉之际乡里吏员杂考--以里耶秦简为中心的探讨

秦汉乡里吏员的构成有一个动态变化的过程。里耶秦简从多角度揭示了秦代吏员设置的情况,不仅弥补了文献记载的不足,也解决了一些关于秦汉乡里吏员的争议问题。以里耶秦简为参照并结合云梦秦简、江陵凤凰山汉简和张家山汉简,我们可以看出秦汉之际封建国家在乡里基层社会建立了多层次、多系统的官僚管理网络,如在乡里之中除了乡啬夫、乡佐、里典、里佐之外,还有属于都官系统的乡司空、仓主、田官、田典等;秦汉之际乡里吏员的秩次较以后秩次级别为高,乡啬夫的秩次从百廿石至二百石不等,达到了《汉书·百官公卿表》中长吏的最低秩次,乡啬夫恐怕是要经过中央任命的,里一级的领导人,也是要经过一定的法律程序由上级任命;秦汉之际吏员的设置反映了秦制对汉初制度的影响,而汉代制度的变化与发展又是以汉初制度为基础的。

Random Investigation on the Officials of Xiang & Li--Discuss among the Qin Bamboo Book of Liye

It's a changing process on the construction of the officials of Xiang & Li in Qin & Han Dynasties,Qin Bamboo Book of Lige not only reveals the conditions of official establishment from various angles,but also remedies the defect of historic decuments & records,and solves some problems on the officials of Xiang & Li in Qin & Han Dynasties.The officials of Li might was appointed by the Central through the legal procedure specified.The order of the officials of Xiang & Li during Qin & Han Dynasties that is higher than later order.The official establishment during Qin & Han Dynasties showes that the Qin system influented the Han system,and the changing & developing of Han system is on the basis of early Han systerm.