论张彦远的画学思想及理论建树

张彦远的《历代名画记》是中国绘画史上极重要的画论著作。此著以书画同体之说论画的起源;在绘画发展论上,张彦远既论政治与绘画的关系,又论画家的师承、发展,对山水画史颇有见地;关于绘画功能论,他发展了以政教为核心的“鉴戒说”,又承认新兴的山水画可以“怡悦情性”。他重新标举谢赫的“六法”,尤对形神关系及相关技法阐述己见。他的“意不在于画,故得于画”、“自然者为上品之上”等看法,体现了庄子的艺术精神,参与了“儒道互补”的理论建构。

Zhang Yan-yuan's Artistic Ideas and Theoretic Development

Notes on Famous Paintings in History by Zhang Yan-yuan is a very important work on painting in Chinese artistic history. Zhang put forward the view that painting and calligraphy shared common features, when discussing the origins of painting; on factors that contributed to the development of painting, he expounded the relation of painting to political situation on the one hand, and stressed the painter's heritage and development on the other hand - his ideas on the development of landscape painting are especially noteworthy; and as to the functions of painting, while affirming the moralistically-oriented idea that spectators could draw lessons from artistic works, he admitted that the rising landscape paintings could delight and enlighten the viewers. He advocated the Six Methods suggested by Xie He and his discussion, especially that on the relation between the representation of the appearance and the representation of the spirit as well as relevant techniques, is highly original. He believed that "the message of a painting does not lie in the painting but can be obtained from it" and that "paintings made in a chaste, austere style are the best among the best." Those opinions, which embodies Zhuang Tzu's artistic spirit, contributed to the mutually-complementing Confucianist-Taoist artistic theoretic system.