论近代欧美主流政治理论的变迁与"第三条道路"的形成

近代以来欧美国家的主流政治理论几经变迁,先后经历了古典自由主义、社会民主主义、社会主义、法西斯主义等。古典自由主义早已退出历史舞台,法西斯主义也随着二战的结束而归于失败,而社会主义和社会民主主义则持续辉煌到20世纪70年代中期。但此时社会出现急遽变迁,它们难以做出积极的回应,于是新自由主义崛起并取而代之成为欧美主流政治理论。20世纪90年代以后,新自由主义也开始遭遇重大挫折。在这种背景下,一种新的政治理论即“第三条道路”政治理论最终形成。

Vicissitudes of the Mainstream Political Theories in Modern Europe and America and the Formation of the Third Path

Since the modern times the European and American countries' mainstream political theory has undergone several vicissitudes:the classical liberalism,the social democracy,the socialism,the Fascism and so on.The classical liberalism already withdrew from the historical arena.The Fascism was also defeated with the end of Second World War.But the socialism and the social democracy continue magnificently to the mid 1970s.But this time society appears sudden vicissitude without the positive response to difficulties,thereupon the new liberalism rises and displaces becomes the European and American mainstream political theory.After 1990s,the new liberalism also starts the bitter setback.Under this background,one new political theory namely "the third path",finally forms.