试析陈宏谋的丧葬思想及其助葬措施

清前期,各地因风水择葬、无力举葬而致停柩现象普遍,有禁不止;浅葬、浮厝、意外死亡也常导致棺骸暴露。"俗"与"礼"的矛盾凸显。陈宏谋在继承传统的丧葬事关王政、礼、孝思想的同时,反对堪舆、停柩等行为,主张速葬,并对棺骸暴露产生强烈的悲悯之情;认为士大夫在改变葬俗中具有重要表率作用。实践中,他针对不同地区的实际情况,采用设立义冢、政府助葬、稽查停柩和暴棺、责令掩埋、训俗劝葬等多种措施,组织掩骼埋胔,力图使丧葬中的"法"、"礼"与"俗"达到和谐与统一。

Study on Chen Hongmou’s Burial Thinking and Burial-aid

In the earlier period of Qing Dynasty,many coffins and skeletons were exposed because of geomancy,poverty,custom,war and calamities.Chen Hongmou thought burial had a vital importance to the kingly way,ethical code and filial piety,so he opposed geomancy,advocated fast burial,thought literati and officialdom played an important role in changing burial folk.In practice,he adopted measures of admonishing,persuading,ordering,aiding and setting burial ground to promote to bury exposed coffins and skeletons,trying to make the law,etiquette and custom of burial in perfect harmony.