鲁迅与中国近代启蒙思潮的嬗变

鲁迅早年的立人思想从属于20世纪初的改造国民性思潮。他在五四时期结束沉默,加入新文化人的启蒙呐喊,不是对早年立人思想的回复,而是对新的启蒙课题的重新认同,是他早期思想发展的一个飞跃。鲁迅从早年的立人思想到五四时期对思想启蒙的重新认同,鲜明地体现了中国近代启蒙思潮从20世纪初的改造国民性思潮到五四思想启蒙的嬗变。这种嬗变主要表现在:启蒙的根本目标由民族自救转变为民主追求,启蒙的中心任务由改造国民性转变为道德革新,启蒙的基本手段由引进西学转变为反传统。

Lu Xun and the Development of Chinese Enlightenment in Modern Times

The early thought of Lu Xun’s “establishing the man” belonged to the trend of “changing the nature of the Chinese nationality” at the beginning of the 20~(th) Century. He stopped keeping silent during the May 4~(th) movement, and devoted himself to the enlightenment campaign along with other reformers. The reconfirmation of “establishing the man” was nothing like a repeat of his early ideas but a re-identification of the new topic, representing a great development of his early thoughts. The change in Lu’s thoughts of “establishing the man” in his early age to the re-identification of the enlightenment during the May 4~(th) reflected the development of the Chinese enlightenment from the beginning at the 20~(th) Century to the May 4~(th) . This development expressed itself mainly on that the essential purpose of the enlightenment changed from the nation’s slef-salvation to democratic pursues; that the main mission changed from reforming the national trait to morals rejuvenation. The basic manner of enlightenment changed from importing Western ideas to fighting the Chinese tradition.