“囚徒困境”对于访谈研究初涉者的启示

从博弈的角度看，质的访谈是访谈者与被访者之间的博弈游戏，最佳策略是合作，以达成双赢。但对于访谈初涉者，在访谈过程中往往索取很多，给予却很少，结果被访者就成为受损方。不同于拔河游戏的“零和博弈”，一方的损带给另一方的是惠，在质的访谈中，这会成为两败俱伤的“负和博弈”。所以，作为一名访谈研究初涉者，务必走出访谈的“囚徒困境”，摆脱“零和博弈”与“负和博弈”，使访谈成为互惠互利的“正和博弈”。

Enlightenment in the interview Reach from the ＂Prisoner＇s Dilemma＂ for the New Interviewees

Qualitative interview is a special kind of dialogue. From the game＇s point of view, it is the interviewee game between with respondents, the best strategy is to achieve win-win cooperation. But for the new interviewee, due to lack of experience, they tend to some selfish-ask for many, but give little, in end this became the damaged party. Unlike tug of war ＂a zero-sum game＂ , one party is the loser, the other is the winner in the interview, it would become a ＂negative and in- ternecine game＂. So, as an interview, be sure to the new interviewee out research interviews the ＂prisoner＇s dilemma＂ , get rid of ＂a ze- ro-sum game＂ and ＂negative and game＂ , make interview become a mutual benefit game.