美国社区学院的办学困局及其应对方略

21世纪初随着美国经济衰退,美国社区学院办学面临转学率急剧下降、教育质量日益下滑、学生助学需求难以满足的困局。其主要诱因是地方财政支持乏力、生源扩张与筹措经费面临严重困难、营利性教育机构和“企业教育”的冲击。针对社区学院办学困局,美国积极应对并采取以下主要方法：建立集中央、地方政府、社会力量等多元主体的经费投入机制;依托教育基金会等社会组织构建基于毕业率和转学率的立交桥;以学生生涯可持续发展为导向,提升学校治理和教育服务能力。

The Difficult Situation of Running American Community Colleges and the Coping Strategies

With the recession of the American economy at the beginning of the 21 st century, the community colleges are facing the difficult situation that the transferring rate： is dramatically decreasing, the quality of education and service are slipping and the students＇ needs are difficult to meet. The main causes are the reducing of the local financial provision, increased access but difficulty in raising money, together with the impact of for-profit institutions and “corporate schooling”. On account of the difficulty in running Community Colleges, the US have actively adopted some coping strategies as follows. The investment mechanism has been built by multiple subjects of the federal, local government as well as social forces; A “multidimensional highway” relying on education foundation and social organizations has been constructed to improve the transferring and graduating rate; The ability of inner governance and education and service has been promoted with the aim of leading the students to their sustainable developraent.