Urban transport and manpower development and training needs of four Asian cities: A case study of Bandung,Medan, Semarang and Surabaya,Indonesia

Mounting international evidence suggests that an important determinant of the success of large scale urban development projects is the effectiveness of the institutional framework and capacity of government (and its agencies at all levels) to implement project proposals. In this regard, the limited professional and management expertise in transport identified by the Manpower Development and Training Study of the First Regional Cities Urban Transport Project in Indonesia proved critical. The identified staff shortages (particularly among the city authorities) were so acute, as to be in the author's view almost as important as the Project's engineering and financial findings.