Does biomass energy consumption reduce total energy CO2 emissions in the US? |
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| Institution: | 1. Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 1080, Jonesboro, AR 72467, United States;2. St. Lawrence University, Hepburn 204, Canton, NY 13617, United States;3. Korea Rural Economic Institute, 601, Bitgaram-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do 58321, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Economics, University of Göttingen, Germany;2. Institute of International Economics, University Jaume I, Spain;1. University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Department of Economics and Finance, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, TX 78539, United States;2. Kennesaw State University, Department of Economics, Finance, and Quantitative Analysis, 560 Parliament Garden Way, Kennesaw, GA 30144, United States;1. National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya St., 101000, Moscow, Russia;2. Adamas University, Kolkata, India;1. Academy of Professional Studies Sumadija, Kosovska 8, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;2. University of Kragujevac – Faculty of Economics, Liceja Kne?evine Srbije 3, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;3. University of Ni? – Faculty of Economics, Trg Kralja Aleksandra 11, 18000 Ni?, Serbia;1. Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan;2. Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan;3. Faculty of Economics, Asahikawa University, 3-23, Nagayama, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 079-8501, Japan |
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| Abstract: | This study investigates the causal relationship between total biomass energy consumption, total energy CO2 emissions, and GDP in the United States for the period January 1973–December 2016 by employing a directed acyclic graph (DAG) techniques and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Additionally, this paper examines the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The result of the DAG reveals that total biomass energy consumption and GDP have a unidirectional contemporaneous causal relationship with total energy CO2 emissions. Based on the results of the ARDL, we find that a 1% increase in per capita total biomass energy consumption causes a 0.65% reduction in per capita total energy CO2 emissions in the long-run. This finding implies that expanding the usage of biomass is one way to reduce and control greenhouse gases in the US. Moreover, we find that the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis is satisfied for the US case. Findings from this study suggest that energy policies should stimulate an increase of biomass production for reducing total energy CO2. |
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| Keywords: | Autoregressive distributed lag model Biomass Directed acyclic graph Environmental Kuznets curve |
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