清代苏北地区善会和善堂的历史考察——以普济堂和清节堂为例

清代苏北地区众多的善会和善堂中较有代表性的是普济堂和清节堂。普济堂和清节堂大多是在地方官员的倡导和支持下，由民间力量创建的。除地方政府拨款和官员捐助外，民间捐助也成为普济堂和清节堂经费的重要来源。虽然民间力量在普济堂和清节堂的创建和管理过程中发挥了重要作用，但都离不开地方政府的认可和支持。

Historical Survey to the Shanhui and ShanTang in the Northern Jiangsu in the Qing Dynasty-taking the the PujiTang and QingjieTang as the Example

The Puji Church and QingiieTang are more representatives of the large number of ShanTang in the Northern Jiangsu in the Qing Dynasty. the PujiTang and QingjieTang are mostly in the advocacy and support of local officials, created by non-governmental forces. In addition to the funding of local governments and donation of the officials, donations of the non - governmental forces has also become an important funding source of PujiTang and QingjieTang. Non - governmental forces have played an important role in creating and managing the process of the PujiTang and QingjieTang, hut they can not do without the approval and support of the local government.