晚明私家鉴藏兴盛原因考——以嘉兴项氏家族为例

明代皇室收藏不力,为私家收藏提供了空间。士人雅好“玩好”促使鉴藏的兴起。明中后期,商人地位有了一定提高,他们投身鉴藏并借此标尚风雅。江南赋税严苛,使得时人不再把投资局限于田产,鉴藏本身又能致富获利,投资转向鉴藏是顺理成章的事。明代鉴藏胜于之前任何朝代,是政治文化氛围和经济物质影响的双重结果。嘉兴项氏在鉴藏上成就了一番事业,是晚明文化、经济乃至政治的缩影。

The Causes of Prosperity of Private Connoisseurship and Collection in Late Ming Dynasty——Taking XIANG Family In Jiaxing as an Example

Both weak royal collection in Ming dynasty and popularity of the habit of connoisseurship among the intellectuals paved way for the prosperity of private connoisseurship and collection. Due to the elevation of merchants＂ social status to a certain extent, the class played activelv in connoisseurship and collection showing off their elegant taste. Meanwhile, in response to exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous levies in the middle and late period of Ming dynasty, people changed their preference for land investment, Since they could make profits in connoisseurship and collection, it was natural that merchants chose connoisseurship and collection as a new means of investment. As a result of interaction of politics, culture and economics, private connoisseurship and collection in Ming dynasty is the most prosperous in Chinese history . In this sense, the research on the connoisseurship and collection of XIANG family in Jiaxing, which represents the ac, hievements in the field in Ming dynasty and can be regarded as a microcosm of society in Ming dynasty, throws new light on the research of the history of Ming dynasty.