生态环境与云南藏族的文化适应

本文在对云南藏族进行深入调查的基础上 ,从生产方式、生活方式、自然资源管理机制和婚姻家庭模式等方面 ,阐述了云南藏族对其所处生态环境的文化适应。文章认为 ,文化是一个民族对周围的自然环境和社会环境的适应性体系。文化与自然的互动或文化对自然的适应可被称为生态文化 ,生态文化是一个民族对生活于其中的自然环境的适应性体系 ,它包括民族文化体系中所有与自然环境发生互动关系的内容 ,主要是这个民族的宇宙观、生产方式、生活方式、社会组织、宗教信仰、风俗习惯等。为适应迪庆高原特殊的生态环境 ,云南藏族早在历史上就通过文化调适 ,形成了一整套与自然环境良性互动的生态文化体系。面向未来 ,云南藏族生态文化中符合时代要求的内容必将得到复兴 ,其中的古老智慧必将与现代化的科学技术和全球化市场体系相结合 ,成为推动云南藏族走上可持续发展道路的关键

Ecological Environment and Cultural Adaptation of the Yunnan Tibetans

On the basis of deep fieldwork on the Yunnan Tibetans, this paper discusses their cultural adaptation to the ecological environment they live in. The discussion covers the way of production, way of life, natural resources management mechanism and their mode of marriage and family. The paper suggests that a culture is the adaptation system of a people to their natural and social surroundings. The interaction between culture and nature, or culture's adaptation to nature, can be called ecological culture, which is a people's adaptation system to the natural environment they live in. The system includes all the parts in the culture which interacts with the natural environment, such as their world outlook, way of production, way of life, social organization, religion, custom, etc. To adapt the particular ecological environment of the Diqing Plateau, the Yunnan Tibetans has long formed a whole system of ecological culture well interacting with the natural environment by means of cultural adjustment in the history. In the future, the parts of the culture that accord with the requirement of the times will definitely be revived. And the combination of the ancient wisdom with the modern technology and global market system will definitely become the key point in the promotion of the Yunnan Tibetans moving toward the sustainable development.