现代民事诉讼：全面理性的规范化沟通平台

现代民事诉讼呈现出平等参与、对等沟通、充分交涉的特征。传统民事诉讼中，职权主义诉讼模式致力于事实真相的发现，当事人主义诉讼模式注重通过程序规则来保障当事人的参与，二者对应的均是一种片面理性。商谈主义诉讼模式化解了事实真相的发现与当事人权利的保障之间的张力，对应的是全面理性。诉讼外纠纷解决机制中，参与主体可以通过充分的对话来达成共识，内在程序完备，但是无外在程序对交涉过程和交涉结果予以保障；刑事诉讼则恰好相反，交涉过程和交涉结果均有一套严格的规则和强力的保障，外在程序完备，但是参与主体在对话上受限，内在程序欠缺。现代民事诉讼在内在程序与外在程序上实现了有机统一，这是其规范化、合法化体现。据此，现代民事诉讼在本质上是一个全面理性的规范化沟通平台。

Modern Civil Procedure: A Comprehensive Rational and Standardized Communication Platform

Modern civil procedure presents the characteristics of equal participation, equal communication and full negotiation. In traditional civil litigation, inquisitional system is devoted to the discovery of the facts, and adversary system pays attention to the participation of the parties through procedural rules. Both of them correspond to one-sided rationality. The discourse litigation mode resolves the tension between the discovery of the truth and the protection of the rights of the parties, which corresponds to comprehensive rationality. In dispute resolution mechanisms, the participants can reach a consensus through adequate dialogues. Though the internal procedure is complete, there is no external procedure to guarantee the process of negotiation and the result of negotiation. Criminal procedure is just the opposite, where the negotiation process and the outcome of negotiations have a strong set of strict rules and the external procedure is complete, but the participants are limited in dialogue and lack of the internal procedure. Modern civil procedure has achieved organic unity both in the internal procedure and the external procedure. This is the embodiment of its standardization and legalization. Therefore, modern civil procedure is a comprehensive rational and standardized communication platform in nature.