西方权力制衡理论的历史溯源

西方权力制衡理论萌芽于古希腊古罗马时代。亚里士多德在继承柏拉图思想的基础上提出了不同阶级通过参与城邦政治，并在不同政治机构中参与管理的混合政体思想。后古罗马的波里比阿提出了君主、寡头和民主三位一体的混合政体思想。此后，中世纪以王权和教权为主的二元权力化体系更是界定了政教各自独立、互相平衡、相互制约的控制领域。上述思想观点和实践为近代分权与制衡理论的形成奠定了思想基础。

Historically Tracing to the Source of the Western Theory of Chech-and-Balance Power

The Western theory of check-and-balance power originated in the period of ancient Greece and Rome.Aristotle carried forword the Plato thought and put forward the thought of mixed system of government that the different classes participate in the city-state politics and management in defferent political organizations.Polybius of post-Rome put forward the thought of mixed system of government,namely,trinity of monarch,oligarch and democracy.In Middle Ages the dual system of power depended mainly on royal right and clericalism further delimited the fields for church and state to control,which are of respective independence,mutral balance and mutral check.These viewpoints and practice lay a foundation of the modern theory of decentralization and check-and-balance.