论小说中的空间叙事——以《地洞》为例

在西方叙事理论“空间转向”的影响下，国内于20世纪末开始出现“空间叙事”这个概念，不同著述中所讨论的空间叙事，所指往往不同，有的指作品中空间的功能，有的指空间的意义，有的指叙事的空间形式，文章以卡夫卡的《地洞》为例，将“空间叙事”视为一种叙事模式来展开讨论。认为，小说中的空间叙事主要表现在3个方面:第一，以空间为叙事“前景”；第二，以空间组织叙事；第三，以空间为意义主体。《地洞》通过空间叙事模式，叙说着现代人的空间体验、空间焦虑、空间危机和空间矛盾，体现了存在与空间之间前所未有的密切联系。

On Spatial Narrative in Fiction as Exemplified in"The Burrow"

Under the influence of the “Spatial Turn” of narrative theoretical research in the Western Countries, the term of “Spatial Narrative” was put forward in China in the end of last century, and the problem of a spatial turn in narratology was raised in the beginning of this century. However, the same term in different papers can refer to different things, some referring to the functions of space in literary works, some to the significance of space, some to the spatial form of the narrative. Then, what are the features of spatial narrative? The present paper will view spatial narrative as a narrative model, and attempts to analyze its characteristics in the scope of fictional narrative, on the basis of a case study on Kafka’s short story The Burrow. The author holds that the spatial narrative in fictions is mainly characterized by the following three aspects: firstly, space is set as the “foreground” of narrative; secondly, the narration is organized by space; and thirdly, space is the main source of the fictional theme. In terms of these aspects, the paper discovers that “The Burrow” employs the model of spatial narrative, through which it narrates the spatial experiences, anxieties, crises and conflicts of the modern men, thus revealing the close relation between human existence and space