全球价值链视角下中国钢铁产能过剩形成机制

国际分工背景下,提升产业价值链地位,破解低端锁定困境,既是化解过剩产能的出发点,也是落脚点。从国内制造业价值链、产业全球价值链及贸易结构等宏观层面,探究中国钢铁产业价值链低端锁定下的产能过剩形成机制,并聚焦于国际大型钢企,挖掘其微观原因。研究表明:钢铁产业处于中国制造业价值链近乎底部的位置,虽然增值能力总体有所增强,产业链条不断延伸,但与发达国家相比仍存在较大差距;在制造业价值链与钢铁产业全球价值链中存在的“微笑曲线”表明,中国钢铁产业的利润空间受到了国内外的双重挤压,产业升级压力巨大;国内议价、盈利能力普遍较差,下游业务联动不足及竞争优势缺乏是导致国内大型钢企的价值链低端锁定主要原因。目前而言,钢铁产业产能过剩与价值链低端锁定相互强化趋势明显。

Formation of Overcapacity of Chinese Steel Industry from the Perspective of Global Value Chain

Under the background of international division of labor,it is both the starting point and the goal of resolving the excess capacity to enhance the status of industrial value chain and to solve the dilemma of low-end lock. Based on the domestic manufacturing industry value chain,the global value chain and the trade structure of the industry,this paper explores the formation of overcapacity under the low-end lock of China''s iron and steel industry and focuses on the domestic large steel enterprises to find out the microcosmic reasons for excess industry overcapacity. The study found that:the iron and steel industry is near the bottom of China''s manufacturing value chain;although the overall value-added capacity has been enhanced, and the industrial chain continues to extend, there is still a big gap between China and developed countries;the manufacturing chain in China''s steel industry. The existence of the "smile curve" in the value chain of the manufacturing industry and the steel industry shows that the profit margin of China''s steel industry has been squeezed at home and abroad, and the pressure of industrial upgrading is large. The poor domestic bargaining and profitability, the lack of downstream business linkage and the lack of competitive advantage are the key reasons for large domestic steel enterprises'' staying at the low-end key chain. At present, there is an obvious trend that the steel industry''s overcapacity and low-end lock chain strengthen each other.