《管子》“教训成俗”的道德教化论

《管子》的教化即道德教化思想,不仅有着完整的体系运思,而且不乏亮点;把因循作为施行教化的原则,则是亮点中的亮点。推重依据个体的具体情况来施行教化,体现了对个体的高度重视,无疑为个体自身价值的社会实现创造了最好的前提条件;强调根据人的具体能力来使用人的运思,对教化实践的润滑运行无疑是有力的支撑;在教化调控的问题上,注重环境对人的影响,尤其聚焦“水”对形成人性格的重要性的认识,不仅在教化史上有着独到的意义,而且对我们今天建设“环境友好型社会”、“和谐社会”也有着借鉴的价值。当然,在能力的方面,它重视的也仍然是道德第一、才能第二的中国古人共同选择的价值指针,并没有走出道德决定主义的怪圈。

On moral instruction of "making a convention out of the teaching and lecturing" in Guanzi

The writings on moralization,i.e.,the thinking of moral instruction,in Guanzi lack no sparks of genius,and to follow the old conventions as the principle of moral instruction is the brightest one.The principle of offering moral instructions in accordance with students' aptitude shows that individuality is valued highly,which undoubtedly prepares an essential prerequisite for the social realization of self-worth;the principle of making use of the mediation,which emphasizes the differences of individual competence,guarantees the practice of moralization.Apart from that,it stresses the influence the environment exerts on man.The comparison between "the fluidity of water" and personality,in particular,is of unique significance in the history of moralization and can be used for reference in the construction of "ecological society" and "harmonious society" today.On the other hand,it abides by the universal value concept of talent selection in ancient China,that is,competence is second to integrity,which does not transcend the limitations of morality determinism.