重大公共卫生事件联防联控中个人数据的利用

在重大公共卫生事件中,数据有助于政府宏观把控事态的发展,做出相应的决策.但新冠肺炎疫情防控期间,我国暴露出不少数据利用问题:数据的利用存在存储分散化、原则不明确、重利用轻保护、监督机制缺位、确诊患者数据泄露引发网络舆论失焦和尚未形成跨国数据共享规则等.在梳理并总结我国数据方面立法发展的基础上,通过对欧洲、日本个人数据或信息的立法思考,归纳国外数据立法中值得我国参考的规定.我国应完善中央和地方政府的数据共享机制;科学构建立法框架;明确利用原则;通过数据分类,协调利用与保护问题;健全数据利用监督机制;规范网络空间中关于确诊患者数据的传播及舆论导向;尽早积极研究并制订跨国数据共享规则,为今后的联防联控工作提供坚实的法治保障.

Utilization of Personal Data in Joint Prevention and Control of Major Public Health Events

In major public health events, data is helpful for the government to control the development of events and make corresponding decisions. At present, China has not promulgated a separate law on personal data, and there are some problems in data utilization, such as decentralized storage, unclear principles, imbalance of utilization and protection, lack of supervision mechanism, data leakage of confirmed patients triggering online public opinion out of focus, and no transnational rules of data sharing. On the basis of reviewing and summarizing the development of China''s data legislation, through considering the personal data legislation in Europe and personal information legislation in Japan, this paper summarizes the provisions of foreign data legislation that are worthy of reference for our country. China should improve the data sharing mechanism between the central and local governments. Meanwhile, it is necessary for our country to construct legislative framework scientifically and clarify the principles of utilization. It''s also significant to coordinate utilization and protection through data classification and improve the monitoring mechanism of data utilization. In addition, it''s important to standardize the dissemination and public opinion guidance of data on confirmed patients in cyberspace. Last but not the least, our country should pay more attention to studying and formulating transnational data sharing rules as early as possible for the joint prevention and control work in the future.