论哲学与政策过程

哲学从最广义的角度讲,可以定义为“大量观念的集合体”。人们对任何事物的任何看法都可以称之为观念,看法本身也就是观念。因此一切学科都可以看作是广义上的哲学;政策是“旨在实现组织的理想与目的的基本目标、计划及工作”。从体系观点看,政策概念包括上位概念和下位概念,上位概念包括理想、目标,而下位概念有着计划、方案、活动。哲学是政策形成和执行的基础和前提,在一定的意义上政策本身就是哲学;参与政策过程的利害当事人包括最高统治者、部门的政策决定者、政策执行者、政策受惠者乃至一般顾客。参与政策过程的利益当事人都应该有坚定的哲学,没有坚定的哲学很难保证政策效果。

On Philosophy and Policy Process

In the broadest sense, philosophy can be defined as "a large collection of conceptions". People's opinions on anything can be called conceptions. Opinions themselves are in fact conceptions. Therefore, all disciplines can be philosophy in the broad sense. A policy is the "basic goal, plan and work for the purpose of realizing the ideal and objective of the organization". And in a sense, policies themselves are philosophy. Those involved in the policy process include the top governors, department decision-makers, decision-executors, policy-beneficiaries and the general customers. All those involved in the decision-making process should have firm philosophy, without which it would be difficult to ensure the effect of the policy.