中国宗教的三色市场

迄今为止，宗教的经济学研究进路还仅限于分析基督教国家的宗教现象，尽管这一进路的核心理论家们对其普适性充满信心。并且，宗教市场的供给理论所考察的只是宗教性表达的一种形式——正式宗教组织里的宗教参与（成员身份和活动参与）。为分析当代中国（一个与欧美国家在宗教传统和宗教管制上存在巨大差异的国家）的宗教现实，文章提出了一个三色市场模型：红市（官方批准的宗教），黑市（官方禁止的宗教）和灰市（合法性／非法性地位处于一种模棱两可状态的宗教）。灰市这一概念突出强调的是宗教性表达的非制度化方面。三色市场模型不仅有助于理解中国复杂的宗教现象。而且还可以被拓展应用到其他社会。

The Red , Black , and Gray Markets of Religion in China

The economic approach to religion has confined its application to Christendom in spite of the ambition of the core theorists for its universal applicability. Moreover, the supply-side market theory focuses on one type of religiosity-- religious participation （membership and attendance） in formal religious organizations. In an attempt to analyze the religious situation in contemporary China, a country with religious traditions and regulations drastically different from Europe and the Americas, I propose a triple-market model： a red market （officially permitted religions）, a black market （officially banned religions）, and a gray market （religions with an ambiguous legal/illegal status）. The gray market concept accentuates noninstitutionalized religiosity. The triple-market model is useful to understand the complex religious situation in China, and it may be extendable to other societies as well.