宗教人类学的发展历程及学科转向

本文介绍了19世纪以来人类学对宗教研究的情况和宗教人类学的发展历程,包括学科的理论来源,学科的建立以及学科发展的三大阶段(20世纪60年代,20世纪70～80年代和20世纪90年代以来)。同时阐释了当前宗教人类学的学科转向,即更关注仪式、关注符号与象征以及强调宗教的“地方性”(Place)研究。在我国,目前人类学对宗教的研究主要关注地方性、小民族的宗教或者说就只关注民间信仰,尤其是其仪式过程,而较少关注跨地域的宗教形式,尤其缺乏对世界宗教的关注。

The Developing Process and Subject Turning on Anthropology of Religion

This article reviews in detail the development of anthropology of religion as a discipline, with a focus discussion on evolutionism in its early stage, functionalism and structuralism in its developing stage, and some new developments since 1960s. It also points out the distinctiveness of anthropological studies of religion, and its research approaches and theoretical sources. After a brief introduction of the research emphasis of contemporary anthropology of religion, the authors give an overview of the development and current situation of anthropology of religion in China.