“地方”与“自然”——人文地理学视角下的刘亮程散文

自然存在于特定时空,自然书写因此被烙印上地域色彩,“地域”成为一种解读路径。人文地理学的“地方”理论强调地方体验的主观性和人地关系的复杂性,为重新观照文学作品的地域性提供方法。由此出发考察刘亮程的散文,从《一个人的村庄》到《在新疆》,从大漠深处的村庄黄沙梁到整片新疆大地,刘亮程的创作始终植根于特定的地理空间。生长于黄沙梁时,刘亮程处于地方内部,而当他走出此地,作为异乡人面对新疆的其他地方时,带着融入的渴望却感到旁观的隔膜。人地关系的变化牵动着刘亮程认知新疆大地时情感和思想的变化,最终促成刘亮程自然书写模式的转换。刘亮程的自然书写从日常生活经验的私人絮语变为为自然声张的生态代言,在黄沙梁自童年积累起来的人与自然的亲密情谊变为生态危机下的伦理责任,旧的自然书写模式式微,新的模式取而代之。

Place and Nature:On Liu Liangcheng's Prose from the Perspective of Human Geography

Nature exists in concrete time and space,and thus nature writing has a regional character,and“region”has become a perspective of literature interpretation as well.The“place”theory of human geography emphasizes the subjectivity of local experiences and the complexity of man-land relationship,which provides a method for re-observing the regional character of literary works.By studying the two proses of Liu Liangcheng,A Village of One Person and In Xinjiang,it is found that his works are always rooted in a specific geographical space,from Huangshaliang,a village,to Xinjiang.Despite growing up at Huangshaliang,after he left,Liu Liangcheng felt estranged along with the longing for local integration when he came to other similar places in Xinjiang as a stranger.The change of man-land relationship affected Liu's thought and attitude towards Xinjiang and thus caused changes of themes in his nature writing from personal experiences of daily life to the concern about nature and ecology.The close man-nature relationship accumulated at Huangshaliang since childhood has turned into the ethical responsibility under ecological crises.An old pattern of nature writing has been gradually replaced by a new one.