从社会正义到生态正义——戴维·佩珀生态学马克思主义思想探析

不同于以往地球上的任何一种环境和气候变化问题,生态危机由人类自身活动和生产引发,是当今世界范围内所有国家必须要共同面对的问题。作为生态学马克思主义的代表人物之一,戴维·佩珀不仅关注到生态危机的本源,即资本主义生产方式和资本的逻辑,还提出了从深生态到社会正义的一系列新问题。戴维·佩珀虽然是地质学家,但在生态学马克思主义理论构建中,他对各类生态思想进行反思和分析并结合马克思主义的观点和方法论对西方资本主义社会进行探析,将生态实践导向生态政治、生态治理,从而构建一种新的生态社会主义社会。在戴维·佩珀的生态理论中,环境问题不再是单纯的生态问题,而是一种社会问题的延伸,因此要实现生态正义就无法绕开社会正义,或者说实现社会正义就是实现生态正义的前提,生态学与社会正义的关系不应被颠倒,在争取自然权利的同时更应该关注人类权利。同时,以人为本的生态观也更符合我国生态文明建设的主旨,是与我国社会主义建设的目标相一致的科学生态观。我国正处于生态文明建设的重要时期,必须将生态文明建设的理论与实践相结合,并结合历史与现实经验丰富生态文明建设理论。

From Social Justice to Ecological Justice: An Analysis of David Pepper.s Ecological Marxist Thought

All countries are facing ecological crises today.Unlike any previous problem of environment and climate change on the earth,they are caused by human activities and production.David Pepper,as one of the representatives of ecological Marxism researchers,not only paid attention to the source of ecological crises,the capitalist production mode and the capital logic,but also proposed a series of new issues ranging from deep ecology to social justice.Despite a geologist,David Pepper analyzed various ecological thoughts and probed into the western capitalist society with Marxist viewpoint and methodology,introducing ecological practice to ecological politics and ecological governance to build a new ecosocialist society.In his ecological theory,an environment problem is an extension of social problems rather than a simple ecological problem.Therefore,ecological justice cannot be achieved without social justice.In other words,realizing social justice is the premise of realizing ecological justice.The relationship between ecology and social justice should not be reversed.While striving for natural rights,we should pay more attention to human rights.In the meantime,the people-oriented ecological view is a scientific ecological view,in line with the undertaking of ecological civilization development and the goal of socialist construction in China.China undergoing in the important period of ecological civilization development so that it is essential to combine the theory and the practice of ecological civilization development,and enrich the theory with historical and practical experiences in that field.