责任的哲学基础

责任分为“事后责任”与“事前责任”,“事后责任”是作为对某一过去行为“负责”的责任,而“事前责任”则是作为将来关心某人某事的道德性或法律性义务的责任。说一个人在事前或事后负有责任,这要涉及到哲学中的一些老话题,这些话题包括自由意志、积极和消极的责任、团结是否原则上受个人或群体契约之限制等问题。一个社会中责任的分配,是一个利己主义和利他主义相互矛盾运动的复杂变化过程。

Philosophical Basis of Responsibility

Responsibility can be divided into “responsibility after the event” and “responsibility before the event”. The former refers to the “responsibility” which should be responsible to a past event while the latter refers to the moral or legal responsibility which concerns the event or person in the future. Speaking of a person who is responsible for a certain event before or after it happens, we cannot do without mentioning some old topics concerning philosophy. And these topics include problems such as free will, active and passive responsibility and whether solidarity should be restricted in principle by personal or group obligation, etc. The division of responsibility in society is a complicated and changing process in which egoism and altruism contradictorily influence each other.