反叛与复归——从"三界革命"看梁启超对启蒙与艺术的思考

梁启超赋予了“经世致用”更深层次的含义——启蒙,他以启蒙为目的的文学革命的诸多主张也可纳入其致用观中。然而文学的目的并不是单纯的致用,文学还是一门艺术,它必须要有艺术价值才能产生巨大社会效应进而得以传世,“致用”的目的却会在一定程度上影响甚至妨碍艺术的发挥。在对致用与艺术的双重追求中,二者难以调和的内在矛盾使得梁启超陷入了两难的尴尬境地。“三界革命”这场没有深化下去的文学革命就充分暴露了这一问题。事实上,由于时代的局限,当时许多知识分子在致用与艺术之间的徘徊实质上是在新旧之间反叛与复归的挣扎。

Rebellion and regression: LIANG Qi-chao's reflections on enlightenment and art from the perspective of the "Revolution in the Three Circles"

Practicality is a fundamental concept of Confucianism to which LIANG Qi-chao gave a further dimension-enlightenment. LIANG s practicality can be viewed as part of the literary revolution he launched to enlighten people. However, literature serves more than practical purposes. Literature is art. It cannot be transmitted to following generations unless it can exert tremendous social influences via its artistic values. Practicality and art simply do not get a-long. Fully aware of this conflict, LIANG had difficulty in choosing between practicality and art. His aborted "Revolution in the Three Circles" indicated his weakness. In fact, many intellectuals face the same situation due to the limita- tion of their times. Their lingering between practicality and art is essentially a choice of rebellion against the status quo or return to the old values.