晚清以来中国社会的阶层分化、合化及其社会后果

晚清中国社会经历了一个阶层不分化、分化、合化、分化的交替进程,影响阶层分化、合化的三个自变量分别是资源特性、组织权力与公共权力。资源特性、组织权力在自发运作的市场中导致阶层分化的马太效应具有必然性,公共权力则具有选择性。当公共权力阶层与强力资源拥有阶层兼组织权力阶层结盟时,阶层分化加剧,社会有发展但是不稳定;当公共权力阶层与弱力资源拥有阶层结盟时,阶层合化出现,社会稳定但是不发展。要使社会既稳定又发展,阶层之间应该既分化又公正,公共权力阶层应该是不自由的,受制约于各个阶层并代表各个阶层。

The Division and Unification In Chinese Social Strata and the Social Results in Late Qing Dynasty

Late Qing Dynasty witnessed the process of the constant alternation of division and unification. There were three key factors : resources property, organizational power and public power. The resources property and organizational power should be inevitable, while the public power should be optional. When the three factors should be positively combined , the social strata should be divided further, and the development of the society should be unstable. When the stratum of public power and the weak resources should be combined, social unification would be realized and the society would be stable but would not develop. The public power should not be liberal and should be restrained by and for the different strata in order that the society would not only be stable but also be developing.