中国的民族企业家与民族认同——以凉山彝族(诺苏)为个案的分析

本文探讨了企业家阶层与民族认同之间的关系,并提出两个重要论点:一是市场力量和私营经济的发展正在逐渐减小家支对诺苏彝族企业家的影响.尽管家支在新企业的起步阶段发挥着重要作用,但是它已渐渐成为企业的一种负担.二是企业家在传统的传承者与现代先锋的角色之间摇摆.诺苏彝族与汉族企业家之间界线的划分是民族认同的重要表现.认同是一种个体和集体的过程,因而只有在与其他群体(汉族)进行交互作用时,企业家阶层才能对认同产生影响.当企业家之间以及其他彝族人之间存在强烈的文化民族主义时,诺苏彝族企业家的民族意识就将得到发展,以期通过企业家和经济发展成就在国家内部得到尊重.

Ethnic Entrepreneurs in China and their Nationality Identity: An Analysis of the Case of Nosu (or Yi) People in Liangshan

This paper discusses the relationship between the stratum of entrepreneur and the nationality identity. Two major points are put forward. First, the development of the market force and the private economy has gradually reduced the influence of jiazhi(or clan) on the Nosu entrepreneurs. Although it played an important role when the enterprises started, jiazhihas increasingly become a burden of the enterprise. Second, the entrepreneur is swaying betweentheir two roles, the carrier of the tradition and the vanguard of the modernity. The differentiationbetween Nosu and Han entrepreneurs can be regarded as an important manifestation of nationality identity. Identity is a process of individuals as well as a group, and so, only in their interaction with other groups, for example, the Han, can the Nosu entrepreneurs exert their influence on nationality identity. The nationality identity of the Nosu entrepreneurs will increase when strong cultural ethno-nationalism exists between entrepreneurs of different ethnic groups, so as to acquire respect within the country through their achievement in business.