“前后场”与“分经取士”——明代通俗小说对于科举因素的细部吸纳

明代科举的乡试和会试都要考三场，由此产生了所谓“前场”与“后场”的对立；而在前场中。又由于考生选取经书的不同，有“分经取士”规定。而这些在科举考试中往往不被注意的细致规定，都被明代的通俗小说细纳进来，成为小说情节的重要组成部分。更为重要的是，小说吸纳这些科举因素的具体形式会呈现出多样化的态势，正面的、直接的反映固然存在，基于小说的特性与自身情节的需要，科举制度往往也会在变形之后才成为小说的情节要素。

A DISCUSSION ABOUT THE IMPERIAL EXAMINATION ELEMENTS IN POPULAR FICTION OF MING DYNASTY

Provincial-level examination and Metropolitan examination of Ming Dynasty are both include three tests, from this has had opposition of the preceding test and behind test. In the preceding test, because the examinee selected different classics, it had produced the stipulation of select scholars from different classics. These stipulations often neglected by people, but became the important plot of popular fiction of Ming Dynasty. More importantly, these factors about imperial examination presented complex forms in the novel. The imperial examination often absorbed in the novel the plot and became essential factor after distortion.