由忠君转向共和:辛亥政局中的冯国璋

辛亥革命是推动中国社会进步的重大历史事件，对各种政治力量的消长均有重要影响。在这场政治变革中，北洋军人作为从清末新政中发展壮大起来的亦新亦旧的力量，由战争走向共和，由维护清朝统治的重要支柱转变为民国初年维护袁世凯政权的主要力量，是顺应历史潮流的历史选择。作为“北洋三杰”之一的冯国璋是辛亥革命重要参与者，他的政治态度和军事行动对辛亥政局的演变有不可忽视的作用。文章根据有关史料重新检视北洋新军将领冯国璋在辛亥政局中思想和行动的变化，揭示其由忠君转向共和的心路历程，认为冯国璋的政治抉择不仅为实现辛亥和局贡献了一份力量，也为其在民国初期发挥更大政治作为奠定了基础。 

From Loyalty to Support for the Republic: Feng Kuochang in 1911

After the outbreak of theWuchang Uprising,the political forces of all parties competed fiercely and fought against each other.The political situation was unpredictable.As a core member of the Peiyang Group,Feng Kuochang was a figure that could not be ignored in this political changes.On the front line of Wuhan,Feng Kuochang used force to suppress the revolutionary army and once opposed Yuan Shikai’s North-South peace talks.With the changes in the current situation,Feng Kuochang’s thoughts had also undergone a huge transformation from the main battle to the search for peace,and he had helped Yuan Shikai stabilize the political situation in the North and contributed to the realization of the Xinhai Peace Bureau.In the evolution of the Xinhai political situation,Feng Kuochang’s attitude toward the Qing court,Yuan Shikai,and the revolutionaries had changed,reflected the complexity of individual choices in the Great Change Bureau.