Increases in childlessness in New Zealand |
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Authors: | Bill Boddington Robert Didham |
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Institution: | (1) Statistics New Zealand, Private Bag 4741, Christchurch, New Zealand |
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Abstract: | New Zealand’s fertility fell below the theoretical replacement level (2.1 births per woman) for the first time in recorded
history in 1978. It has hovered at or below replacement level ever since. The result, an impression of relative stability,
belies changes taking place. Data from the 1981, 1996 and 2006 censuses show a pattern of delayed childbearing and increased
childlessness. In a little over 30 years, childlessness has shifted from being almost entirely a consequence of a couple’s
infecundity to being as frequently a result of a woman’s life choices. The steady rises in childlessness recorded by successive
cohorts suggest that childlessness is already having a significant effect on New Zealand fertility. Patterns in characteristics
of those women choosing not to start families, as well as subtle differences in these patterns between New Zealand and other
developed nations, suggest that there is a significant potential for childlessness to cause a more dramatic shift in New Zealand’s
total fertility rate. This analysis examines growth in childlessness in relation to marital status, country of birth, ethnicity,
regional and urban differentials, religion, and educational attainment of women who were childless at the 1981, 1996 and 2006
censuses.
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Keywords: | Childlessness Infertility Fertility Childbearing |
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