女性就业竞争力与出生人口性别比的城乡差异分析

经验分析表明,相对于城镇而言,农村拥有更高的出生性别比,本文试图从经济学角度解释此现象。改革开放以来,中国城镇女性的就业竞争力有显著的提高,城镇中男女性别在就业与教育中的差异都存在收敛的现象。但在农村中,男性和女性无论是在就业竞争力还是在劳动收益上都存在很大的差距,而且,调查结果显示,无论是与农村男性还是与城镇女性相比农村女性的受教育机会都要少得多,这些因素共同决定了农村女性与城镇女性的就业竞争力差异,并影响了城乡出生性别比。

An Analysis of Women''''s Employment Competitiveness and the Differences in Sex Ratio at Birth between the Rural and the Urban

The empirical researches show that the sex ratio at birth in the rural is much higher than that in the urban.This paper explains the differences from an economic perspective.Since the reform starting in 1978,the competitiveness of urban women in employment has improved greatly and consequently the differences in employment and education opportunities have narrowed.However,there are still big gap in employment,income and education opportunity between women and men in the rural.In other words,rural women have much less such benefits than rural men and urban women.The above differences bring about negative effects on the competitiveness of both rural and urban women in employment and finally affects the sex ratio at birth of the rural and the urban.