角色理论视野下医院志愿者发展定位剖析

角色理论通过对角色行为改变和及其原因的研究,解释人类社会行为的改变。在角色理论分析的视野中,医院志愿者属于自致角色、规定性角色、表现性角色,从而决定了其规范性、无偿性、非功利性特征。在角色采择和角色扮演过程中,个人只有具备相应的认知能力和自知能力,并衍生成为合格的角色技能,持有正确的角色期待,方能顺利完成医院志愿者角色行为。为防止和纠正志愿者对于自身归属医方还是患方产生困惑、不了解志愿服务内容、对志愿服务产生负担思想、作出不称职行为等角色失调情况,可通过正确定位医院志愿者角色、清晰明确医院志愿者角色行为标准、合理安排志愿服务日程、及时疏导志愿者负面情绪、建立医院志愿者激励机制、提升志愿者自我价值认知等途径以完善医院志愿者角色塑造,充分发挥角色功效。

Analysis on the Development and Location of Volunteer of the Hospital in the View of Role Theory

In role theory,the changes of behaviors in human society are explained by the research on the changes and their reasons of role behavior.In the view of role theory,volunteer of the hospital belongs to achieved role,regulated role and performance role;these decide the normalization,gratuitousness and non-utilitarian of it.During the role taking and role playing,whether the role behavior can be accomplished or not depends on the cognitive ability,Self-knowledge ability,role skills and role expectation.The role maladjustment is expressed as the confusement about the positon between medical side and patients of volunteer of the hospital,the lack of understanding of service content,producing burden thought and making incompetence behavior.In order to shape the role of volunteer successfully,we should correct the location of volunteer of the hospital,ensure the behavior standard explicit,arrange schedule reasonably,groom negative emotions and enhance the volunteers＇ sense of self-worth.