从《即墨县志·列女传》看明清妇女境遇

明清时期的列女主要包括贞女节妇、烈妇（女）、孝女德妇等三大类,她们是中国古代妇女被压迫、受奴役的缩影。列女的守节年龄越早、守节时间越长、寿命越高,生存境遇就越艰难。列女的非正常死亡也是考察这一群体的重要因素,她们或自杀或被杀,原因大多是为了成就贞女烈妇的美名。内因是妇女守节的主导因素,明清政府通过物质和精神等各种形式强化妇女的守节意识,并把这种意识内化为妇女的人格要求,由此造成了明清妇女独立人格被否定、人生价值被扭曲的悲惨境遇。

On Women's Plight in the Ming and Qing Period as Described in the Tales of Virtuous Women of Annals of Jimo County

The virtuous women in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were representatives of those women under oppression and servitude. They had great difficulties with their survival. For the sake of a good name, they either committed suicide or were murdered. This led to the negation of their independent personality and twisted life values.